A Review Paper Based on Content-Based Image Retrieval

The quantity and complexity of digital image data is rapidly expanding. The user does not meet the demands of traditional information recovery technology, so an efficient system for content-based image collection must be developed. The image recovery from material becomes a source of reliable and rapid recovery. In this paper, characteristics such as color correlogram, texture, form, edge density are compared. For understanding and acquiring much better knowledge on a specific subject, literature surveys are most relevant. In this paper, we discuss some technical aspects of the current image recovery systems based on content

Pharmaceutical Process Validation: A Mini Review

Pharmaceutical Process Validation emphasizes on process design elements and maintaining process control during commercialization and communicate that process validation is an ongoing program and align process validation activities with product lifecycle. According to GMP validation studies are essential part of GMP these are required to be done as per predefined protocols, the minimum that should be validated include process, testing and cleaning as a result such control procedure stablish to monitor the output and validation of manufacturing processes that may be responsible for variability of drug product. The validation study provide the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the test methods employed by the firms, shall be established and documented. Thus the validation is an essential part of the quality assurance

Unveiling the combined effect of nano fertilizers and conventional fertilizers on crop productivity, profitability, and soil well-being

It is widely accepted that deficiency of macro (nitrogen) and micronutrients (zinc, copper etc.) affects the plant growth and development which cause a significant threat to crop production and food security. The Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative (IFFCO) developed nano-urea (nano-N), nano-zinc (nano-Zn), and nano-copper (nano-Cu) liquid fertilizer formulations to enhance the crop yields, simultaneously addressing the nutrient deficiency, without causing toxicity. Therefore, this study was formulated to evaluate the effectiveness of nano-N (nano-urea), nano-Zn, and nano-Cu at varying N levels [0, 50, 75, and 100% of the recommended rates of nitrogen (RRN)] on maize-wheat and pearl millet-mustard systems during 2019–20 and 2020–21. The results exhibited that the application of nano-N + nano-Zn with 100% RRN exhibited significantly higher grain yields in maize (66.2–68.8%), wheat (62.6–61.9%), pearl millet (57.1–65.4%), and mustard (47.2–69.0%), respectively, over absolute control plots and combinations of three nano-fertilizers like nano-N + nano-Zn + nano-Cu applied plots. This was mainly attributed to the higher N and Zn uptake by the crops. However, 75% RRN with nano-N + nano-Zn also produced comparable yields. Thus, applying nano-N and nano-Zn via foliar applications, in conjunction with conventional urea, has the potential to reduce the required nitrogen fertilizer amount by up to 25%, while simultaneously maintaining equivalent yield levels. Similarly, 100% RRN and 75% RRN + nano-N + nano-Zn registered comparable profitability, soil mineral N, dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), during both the study years. However, further research and field trials on nano fertilizers alone or in combination with conventional fertilizers are essential to fully unlock its benefits and ascertain its long-term effects which may offer a pathway to more efficient and eco-friendly crop nourishment

A Review on Pharmaceutical Process Validation

The process validation is one of the most essential key factor when it comes to the efficient manufacturing of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The process validation assures the highest degree of uniform results and also helps to meet the predefined specifications for the dosage form. Also process validation assures the quality of the product and helps to meet desired results. It basically involves the collection and analyzing the data from product design stage which ensures that the process is capable for the production of quality product. Through this review article we want to have had the knowledge of the process validation and also want to put the basic outline over this process validation process

Clinical, radiological, and microbiological profile of pulmonary aspergillosis in treated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis

Context: Clinical studies about detailed spectrum of aspergillosis in treated tuberculosis (TB) patients are lacking. Hence, a study was undertaken at the Institute of Respiratory Disease, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Treated patients of pulmonary TB having any symptom such as hemoptysis, cough with expectoration, weight loss, and whose chest X-ray showed residual cavitation were enrolled for the study. Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pulmonary aspergillosis in treated cases of pulmonary TB and to study the social, demographical, and clinical characteristics of these patients. Settings and Design: A descriptive type of observational study was conducted at the Department of Respiratory Medicine in a tertiary care center of Rajasthan. Subjects and Methods: This descriptive type of observational study was conducted on seventy patients, whose sputum or bronchial wash showed isolation of Aspergillus. Demographic details, predisposing factors, and clinical findings were noted. Statistical Analysis Used: Data collected were entered into Excel spreadsheet and quantitative data were expressed as number and percentage. Results: The presentation of pulmonary aspergillosis in treated cases of pulmonary TB varies from aspergilloma (57%) to chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (36%) to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (7%). The most common symptom was recurrent hemoptysis. Most of the patients were farmers by occupation, but no significant comorbid illness was seen. X-ray chest missed about 70% of cases. The most common species were Aspergillus fumigatus; others were Aspergillus terreus (13%), Aspergillus flavus (13%), and Aspergillus niger (7%). Conclusions: All treated cases of pulmonary TB presenting with recurrent hemoptysis and/or cough with expectoration should be evaluated in detail for pulmonary aspergillosis as chest X-ray alone can miss the diagnosis

Substitution of glutamate residue by lysine in the dimerization domain affects DNA binding ability of HapR by inducing structural deformity in the DNA binding domain.

HapR has been given the status of a high cell density master regulatory protein in Vibrio cholerae. Though many facts are known regarding its structural and functional aspects, much still can be learnt from natural variants of the wild type protein. This work aims at investigating the nature of functional inertness of a HapR natural variant harboring a substitution of a conserved glutamate residue at position 117 which participates in forming a salt bridge by lysine (HapRV2G-E(117)K). Experimental evidence presented here reveals the inability of this variant to interact with various cognate promoters by in vitro gel shift assay. Furthermore, the elution profiles of HapRV2G-E(117)K protein along with the wild type functional HapRV2G in size-exclusion chromatography as well as circular dichroism spectra did not reflect any significant differences in its structure, thereby indicating the intactness of dimer in the variant protein. To gain further insight into the global shape of the proteins, small angle X-ray scattering analysis (SAXS) was performed. Intriguingly, increased radius of gyration of HapRV2G-E(117)K of 27.5 Å in comparison to the wild type protein from SAXS data analyses implied a significant alteration in the global shape of the dimeric HapRV2G-E(117)K protein. Structure reconstruction brought forth that the DNA binding domains were substantially "parted away" in this variant. Taken together, our data illustrates that substitution of the conserved glutamate residue by lysine in the dimerization domain induces separation of the two DNA binding domains from their native-like positioning without altering the dimeric status of HapR variant

Structural parameters of the wild type and variant HapR proteins as deduced from their SAXS data analysis.

*<p>The I₀ values were estimated from predetermined dilution series of lysozyme (four samples in the range of 0.7–3.2 mg/ml) and recombinant plasma gelsolin (four samples in the range of 0.5–2.1 mg/ml)</p>¶<p>It is important to mention here that an error remained in our previous publication (Dongre <i>et.al</i>, 2011) during description of results from Guinier analysis: on page 15049: left column line 1 and 2 “HapR_V2 and HapR_V2G provided an R_G of” should be read as “HapR_V2G and HapR_V2 provided an R_G of”.</p

SAXS data analysis from the samples of HapR_V2G and HapR_V2G-E¹¹⁷K.

<p>(A) SAXS I(Q) profiles are plotted <i>versus</i> Q for both the samples (HapR_V2G, magenta; HapR_V2G-E¹¹⁷K, gray). Inset shows the linear region of the Guinier analysis done presuming globular nature of the protein molecules in solution. (B) Kratky analysis from individual SAXS data sets confirmed the globular nature of proteins in solution. (C) Real space information of the predominant scattering species computed by indirect Fourier transformation are plotted between P(r) and R.</p

Multiple sequence alignment of HapR homologues in <i>Vibrio</i> species.

<p>Multiple sequence alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of HapR homologues, from different <i>Vibrio species</i>. The regions shadowed in yellow and turquoise color represents the DNA binding domain and dimerization domain respectively. The conserved glutamate 117 residue in different HapR homologues is highlighted in red. Abbreviations are as follows: [V. h.] -<i>Vibrio harveyi</i>; [V.p.] –<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>; [V.v.] -<i>Vibrio vulnificus</i>; [V.a.] -<i>Vibrio anguillarum</i>; [V.c.] -<i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (C6706); [V.f.] -<i>Vibrio fischeri</i>.</p